Peer Reviewed Articles:
| [1] | T. Baležentis, K. Kerstens, and Z. Shen. Economic and environmental decomposition of Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity indicator: Empirical analysis of Chinese textile firms with a focus on reporting infeasibilities and questioning convexity. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71:2772--2785, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [2] | K. Kerstens and J. Sadeghi. Plant capacity notions: Review, new definitions, and existence results at firm and industry levels. International Journal of Production Research, 62(3):1017--1040, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [3] | Q. Jin, A. Basso, S. Funari, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Evaluating different groups of mutual funds using a metafrontier approach: Ethical vs. non-ethical funds. European Journal of Operational Research, 312(3):1134--1145, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [4] | K. Kerstens, J. Sadeghi, I. Van de Woestyne, and J. Walden. Short-run johansen frontier-based industry models: Methodological refinements and empirical illustration on fisheries. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 61(1):47--62, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [5] | Z. Shen, K. Kerstens, V. Valdmanis, and S. Wang. Evaluation and optimization of hospital system in Chinese provinces: Does mortality matter? RAIRO - Operations Research, 58(1):971--987, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [6] | X. Chen, K. Kerstens, and M. Tsionas. Does productivity change at all in Swedish district courts? empirical analysis focusing on horizontal mergers. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 91:101787, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [7] | Q. Jin, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Convex and nonconvex nonparametric frontier-based classification methods for anomaly detection. OR Spectrum, 46(4):1213--1239, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [8] | K. Kerstens, M. Azadi, R. Kazemi Matin, and R. Farzipoor Saen. Double hedonic price-characteristics frontier estimation for IoT service providers in the industry 5.0 era: A nonconvex perspective accommodating ratios. European Journal of Operational Research, 319(1):222--233, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [9] | T. Ren, K. Kerstens, and S. Kumar. Risk-aversion versus risk-loving preferences in nonparametric frontier-based fund ratings: A buy-and-hold backtesting strategy. European Journal of Operational Research, 319(1):332--344, 2024. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [10] | X. Chen and K. Kerstens. Evaluating horizontal mergers in Swedish district courts using plant capacity concepts: With a focus on nonconvexity. RAIRO - Operations Research, 57(1):219--236, 2023. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [11] | Z. Shen, K. Kerstens, and T. Baležentis. An environmental Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity indicator: Empirical analysis considering undesirable outputs either as inputs or outputs, and attention for infeasibilities. Annals of Operations Research, forthcoming(forthcoming):forthcoming, 2023. [ bib ] |
| [12] | M. Deng, G. Bai, K. Kerstens, and Z. Shen. Comparing green productivity under convex and nonconvex technologies: Which is a robust approach consistent with energy structure. Managerial and Decision Economics, 44(8):4377--4394, 2023. [ bib ] |
| [13] | F. Ang, K. Kerstens, and J. Sadeghi. Energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission intensity in Dutch dairy farms: A Hicks-Moorsteen by-production approach under nonconvexity and convexity with equivalence results. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74(2):492--509, 2023. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [14] | W. Briec, A. Dumas, K. Kerstens, and A. Stenger. Generalised commensurability properties of efficiency measures: Implications for productivity indicators. European Journal of Operational Research, 303(3):1481--1492, 2022. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [15] | K. Kerstens, J. Sadeghi, I. Van de Woestyne, and L. Zhang. Malmquist productivity indices and plant capacity utilisation: New proposals and empirical application. Annals of Operations Research, 315(1):221--250, 2022. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [16] | K. Kerstens, P. Mazza, T. Ren, and I. Van de Woestyne. Multi-time and multi-moment nonparametric frontier-based fund rating: Proposal and buy-and-hold backtesting strategy. Omega, 113:102718, 2022. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [17] | K. Kerstens and Z. Shen. Using COVID-19 mortality to select among hospital plant capacity models: An exploratory empirical application to Hubei province. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166:1--10, 2021. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [18] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. Cost functions are nonconvex in the outputs when the technology is nonconvex: Convexification is not harmless. Annals of Operations Research, 305(1--2):81--106, 2021. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [19] | C. Daraio, K. Kerstens, T. Nepomuceno, and R. Sickles. Empirical surveys of frontier applications: A meta-review. International Transactions in Operational Research, 27(2):709--738, 2020. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [20] | W. Briec, L. Cavaignac, and K. Kerstens. Input efficiency measures: A generalised, encompassing formulation. Operations Research, 68(6):1836--1849, 2020. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [21] | K. Kerstens, J. Sadeghi, and I. Van de Woestyne. Plant capacity notions in a non-parametric framework: A brief review and new graph or non-oriented plant capacities. Annals of Operations Research, 288(2):837--860, 2020. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [22] | Q. Jin, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Metafrontier productivity indices: Questioning the common convexification strategy. European Journal of Operational Research, 283(2):737--747, 2020. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [23] | K. Kerstens, C. O'Donnell, and I. Van de Woestyne. Metatechnology frontier and convexity: A restatement. European Journal of Operational Research, 275(2):780--792, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [24] | C. Daraio, K. Kerstens, T. Nepomuceno, and R. Sickles. Productivity and efficiency analysis software: An exploratory bibliographical survey of the options. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(1):85--100, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [25] | K. Kerstens, J. Sadeghi, and I. Van de Woestyne. Plant capacity and attainability: Exploration and remedies. Operations Research, 67(4):1135--1149, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [26] | G. Cesaroni, K. Kerstens, and I. Van De Woestyne. Short-and long-run plant capacity notions: Definitions and comparison. European Journal of Operational Research, 275(1):387--397, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [27] | K. Kerstens, J. Sadeghi, and I. Van de Woestyne. Convex and nonconvex input-oriented technical and economic capacity measures: An empirical comparison. European Journal of Operational Research, 276(2):699--709, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [28] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. The remarkable incidence of congestion in production: A review, empirical illustration, and research agenda. Data Envelopment Analysis Journal, 4(2):109--147, 2019. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [29] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Hypercongestion in production correspondences: An empirical exploration. Applied Economics, 50(27):2938--2956, 2018. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [30] | K. Kerstens, Z. Shen, and I. Van de Woestyne. Comparing Luenberger and Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicators: How well is Total Factor Productivity approximated? International Journal of Production Economics, 195:311--318, 2018. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [31] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, D. Prior, and I. Van de Woestyne. Testing general and special Färe-Primont indices: A proposal for public and private sector synthetic indices of european regional expenditures and tourism. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(2):756--768, 2018. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [32] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. Enumeration algorithms for FDH directional distance functions under different returns to scale assumptions. Annals of Operations Research, 271(2):1067--1078, 2018. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [33] | G. Cesaroni, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Global and local scale characteristics in convex and nonconvex nonparametric technologies: A first empirical exploration. European Journal of Operational Research, 259(2):576--586, 2017. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [34] | G. Cesaroni, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Estimating scale economies in non-convex production models. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68(11):1442--1451, 2017. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [35] | G. Cesaroni, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. A new input-oriented plant capacity notion: Definition and empirical comparison. Pacific Economic Review, 22(4):720--739, 2017. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [36] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Congestion in production correspondences. Journal of Economics, 119(1):65--90, 2016. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [37] | O. Brandouy, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Frontier-based vs. traditional mutual fund ratings: A first backtesting analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 242(1):332--342, 2015. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [38] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Nonparametric cost and revenue functions under constant economies of scale: An enumeration approach for the single output or input case. International Transactions in Operational Research, 21(4):619--625, 2014. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [39] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. A note on a variant of radial measure capable of dealing with negative inputs and outputs in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 234(1):341--342, 2014. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [40] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. Solution methods for nonconvex Free Disposal Hull models: A review and some critical comments. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 31(1):1--13, 2014. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [41] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. Comparing Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indices: Exploring the impact of unbalanced vs. balanced panel data. European Journal of Operational Research, 233(3):749--758, 2014. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [42] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Portfolio selection with skewness: A comparison of methods and a generalized one fund result. European Journal of Operational Research, 230(2):412--421, 2013. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [43] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and N. Peypoch. Exact relations between four definitions of productivity indices and indicators. Bulletin of Economic Research, 64(2):265--274, 2012. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [44] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, D. Prior, and I. Van de Woestyne. Static efficiency decompositions and capacity utilisation: Integrating technical and economic capacity notions. Applied Economics, 44(31):4125--4141, 2012. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [45] | K. Kerstens and S. Managi. Total factor productivity growth and convergence in the petroleum industry: Empirical analysis testing for convexity. International Journal of Production Economics, 139(1):196--206, 2012. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [46] | K. Kerstens, A. Mounir, and I. Van de Woestyne. Benchmarking mean-variance portfolios using a shortage function: The choice of direction vector affects rankings! Journal of the Operational Research Society, 63(9):1199--1212, 2012. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [47] | B. K. Sahoo, K. Kerstens, and K. Tone. Returns to growth in a non-parametric DEA approach. International Transactions in Operational Research, 19(3):463--486, 2012. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [48] | W. Briec, L. Cavaignac, and K. Kerstens. Directional measurement of technical efficiency of production: An axiomatic approach. Economic Modelling, 28(3):775--781, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [49] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. The Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index satisfies the determinateness axiom. Manchester School, 79(4):765--775, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [50] | M. Epure, K. Kerstens, and D. Prior. Bank productivity and performance groups: A decomposition approach based upon the Luenberger productivity indicator. European Journal of Operational Research, 211(3):630--641, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [51] | M. Epure, K. Kerstens, and D. Prior. Technology-based total factor productivity and benchmarking: New proposals and an application. Omega, 39(6):608--619, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [52] | K. Kerstens, A. Mounir, and I. Van de Woestyne. Geometric representation of the mean-variance-skewness portfolio frontier based upon the shortage function. European Journal of Operational Research, 210(1):81--94, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [53] | K. Kerstens, A. Mounir, and I. Van de Woestyne. Non-parametric frontier estimates of mutual fund performance using C- and L-moments: Some specification tests. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(5):1190--1201, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [54] | K. Kerstens and I. Van de Woestyne. Negative data in DEA: A simple proportional distance function approach. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 62(7):1413--1419, 2011. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [55] | O. Brandouy, W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Portfolio performance gauging in discrete time using a Luenberger productivity indicator. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8):1899--1910, 2010. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [56] | O. Brandouy, K. Kerstens, and I. Van de Woestyne. Exploring bi-criteria versus multi-dimensional lower partial moment portfolio models. International Journal of Technology, Modelling and Management, 1(1):25--39, 2010. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [57] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. Portfolio selection in multidimensional general and partial moment space. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(4):636--656, 2010. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [58] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, D. Prior, and I. Van de Woestyne. Tangency capacity notions based upon the profit and cost functions: A non-parametric approach and a comparison. Economic Modelling, 27(5):1156--1166, 2010. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [59] | R. Chumpitaz, K. Kerstens, N. Paparoidamis, and M. Staat. Hedonic price function estimation in economics and marketing: Revisiting Lancaster's issue of “noncombinable" goods. Annals of Operations Research, 173(1):145--161, 2010. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [60] | R. Chumpitaz, K. Kerstens, N. Paparoidamis, and M. Staat. Comparing efficiency across markets: An extension and critique of the Zhang and Bartels (1998) methodology. European Journal of Operational Research, 205(3):719--728, 2010. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [61] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. Multi-horizon Markowitz portfolio performance appraisals: A general approach. Omega, 37(1):50--62, 2009. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [62] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. The Luenberger productivity indicator: An economic specification leading to infeasibilities. Economic Modelling, 26(3):597--600, 2009. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [63] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. Infeasibilities and directional distance functions with application to the determinateness of the Luenberger productivity indicator. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 141(1):55--73, 2009. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [64] | J. Kjærsgaard, N. Vestergaard, and K. Kerstens. Ecological benchmarking to explore alternative fishing schemes to protect endangered species by substitution: The Danish demersal fishery in the North Sea. Environmental and Resource Economics, 43(4):573--590, 2009. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [65] | S. Blancard, J.-P. Boussemart, W. Briec, and K. Kerstens. Technology adoption in French agriculture and the role of financial constraints. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Horticulture, 65(2):17--29, 2008. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [66] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, and M. Staat. Transit costs and cost efficiency: Bootstrapping non-parametric frontiers. Research in Transportation Economics, 23(1):53--64, 2008. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [67] | E. Grifell-Tatjé and K. Kerstens. Incentive regulation and the role of convexity in benchmarking electricity distribution: Economists versus engineers. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 79(2):227--248, 2008. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [68] | S. E. Stefanou and K. Kerstens. Applied production analysis unveiled in open peer review: Introductory remarks. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 30(1):1--6, 2008. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [69] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and O. Jokung. Mean-variance-skewness portfolio performance gauging: A general shortage function and dual approach. Management Science, 53(1):135--149, 2007. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [70] | S. Blancard, J.-P. Boussemart, W. Briec, and K. Kerstens. Short- and long-run credit constraints in French agriculture: A directional distance function framework using expenditure-constrained profit functions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 88(2):351--364, 2006. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [71] | W. Briec, C. Comes, and K. Kerstens. Temporal technical and profit efficiency measurement: Definitions, duality and aggregation results. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(1):48--63, 2006. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [72] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. Input, output and graph technical efficiency measures on non-convex FDH models with various scaling laws: An integrated approach based upon implicit enumeration algorithms. TOP, 14(1):135--166, 2006. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [73] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Non-convex technologies and cost functions: Definitions, duality and nonparametric tests of convexity - erratum. Journal of Economics, 87(3):307--308, 2006. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [74] | K. Kerstens, N. Vestergaard, and D. Squires. A short-run Johansen industry model for common-pool resources: Planning a fisheries' industrial capacity to curb overfishing. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 33(3):361--389, 2006. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [75] | K. Kerstens, D. Squires, and N. Vestergaard. Methodological reflections on the short-run Johansen industry model in relation to capacity management. Marine Resource Economics, 20(4):425--443, 2005. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [76] | W. Briec and K. Kerstens. A Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator: Its relation to the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index and the Luenberger productivity indicator. Economic Theory, 23(4):925--939, 2004. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [77] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and J.-B. Lesourd. Single period Markowitz portfolio selection, performance gauging and duality: A variation on the Luenberger shortage function. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 120(1):1--27, 2004. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [78] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Non-convex technologies and cost functions: Definitions, duality and nonparametric tests of convexity. Journal of Economics, 81(2):155--192, 2004. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [79] | S. Blancard, J.-P. Boussemart, and K. Kerstens. L'influence des contraintes de financement de court terme sur le profit des exploitations agricoles: Une approche non paramétrique. Économie et Prévision, (159):71--81, 2003. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [80] | J.-P. Boussemart, W. Briec, K. Kerstens, and J.-C. Poutineau. Luenberger and Malmquist productivity indices: Theoretical comparisons and empirical illustration. Bulletin of Economic Research, 55(4):391--405, 2003. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [81] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, and A. Costa. Public transit performance: What does one learn from frontier studies? Transport Reviews, 22:1--38, 2002. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [82] | W. Briec, K. Kerstens, H. Leleu, and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Returns to scale on nonparametric deterministic technologies: Simplifying goodness-of-fit methods using operations on technologies. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 14(3):267--274, 2000. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [83] | B. De Borger and K. Kerstens. The Malmquist productivity index and plant capacity utilization. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102(2):303--310, 2000. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [84] | B. Dervaux, K. Kerstens, and H. Leleu. Rationalisation de l'offre de soins en chirurgie: Réduction des surcapacités et réallocation sectorielle. Revue Économique, 50(3):645--655, 1999. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [85] | K. Kerstens. Decomposing technical efficiency and effectiveness of French urban transport. Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, (54):129--155, 1999. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [86] | K. Kerstens and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Estimating returns to scale using nonparametric deterministic technologies: A new method based on goodness-of-fit. European Journal of Operational Research, 113(1):206--214, 1999. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [87] | K. Kerstens and P. Vanden Eeckaut. A new criterion for technical efficiency measures: Non-monotonicity across dimensions axioms. Managerial and Decision Economics, 20(1):45--59, 1999. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [88] | B. De Borger, G. D. Ferrier, and K. Kerstens. The choice of a technical efficiency measure on the Free Disposal Hull reference technology: A comparison using US banking data. European Journal of Operational Research, 105(3):427--446, 1998. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [89] | B. Dervaux, K. Kerstens, and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Radial and nonradial static efficiency decompositions: A focus on congestion measurement. Transportation Research: Part B: Methodological, 32(5):299--312, 1998. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [90] | B. De Borger and K. Kerstens. Radial and nonradial measures of technical efficiency: An empirical illustration for Belgian local governments using an FDH reference technology. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 7(1):41--62, 1996. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [91] | B. De Borger and K. Kerstens. Cost efficiency of Belgian local governments: A comparative analysis of FDH, DEA, and econometric approaches. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 26(2):145--170, 1996. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [92] | K. Kerstens. Technical efficiency measurement and explanation of French urban transit companies. Transportation Research: Part A: Policy and Practice, 30(6):431--452, 1996. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [93] | B. De Borger and K. Kerstens. Produktiviteit en efficiëntie in de Belgische publieke sector: Situering en resultaten van recent empirisch onderzoek. Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management, 40(2):101--131, 1995. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [94] | K. Kerstens and P. Vanden Eeckaut. The economic cost of subsidy-induced technical inefficiency: A methodological postscript. International Journal of Transport Economics, 22(2):225--229, 1995. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [95] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, W. Moesen, and J. Vanneste. Explaining differences in productive efficiency: An application to Belgian municipalities. Public Choice, 80(3-4):339--358, 1994. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [96] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, W. Moesen, and J. Vanneste. A non-parametric Free Disposal Hull (FDH) approach to technical efficiency: An illustration of radial and graph efficiency measures and some sensitivity results. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 130(4):647--667, 1994. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [97] | G. D. Ferrier, K. Kerstens, and P. Vanden Eeckaut. Radial and nonradial technical efficiency measures on a DEA reference technology: A comparison using US banking data. Recherches Économiques de Louvain, 60(4):449--479, 1994. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [98] | B. De Borger and K. Kerstens. Technische efficiëntie in de gemeentelijke voorzieningen. Economisch en Sociaal Tijdschrift, 47(4):665--690, 1993. [ bib | .pdf ] |
| [99] | K. Kerstens and E. Meyermans. The draft versus an all-volunteer force: Issues of efficiency and equity in the Belgian draft. Defence Economics, 4(3):271--284, 1993. [ bib | DOI | .pdf ] |
| [100] | B. De Borger, K. Kerstens, W. Moesen, and J. Vanneste. Efficiency and equity in block grant design: Simulating some alternatives for Flemish municipalities. Cahiers Économiques de Bruxelles, 32(128):399--421, 1990. [ bib | .pdf ] |
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